Simple Present Tense
FORM:
[VERB] +
s/es in third person
Examples:
§ I like computers.
§ I don’t like computers.
§ Do you like computers?
USE:
1)
Repeated
action / adverb of frequency
§ My friend often draws nice posters.
2)
Things
in general
§ The sun rises in the East.
3)
Fixed
arrangements, scheduled events
§ The plane flies to London every
Monday.
4)
Action
in the present – one follows after the other
§ First I get up, then I have
breakfast.
5)
Instructions
§ Open your books at page 34.
6)
With
special verbs
§ I understand English.
Present Continuous Tense
FORM:
[am/is/are + present participle]
Examples:
§ You
are playing football.
§ You
are not playing football.
§ Are
you playing football?
USE:
1)
Action happening at the moment of speaking
§ Peter
is reading a book now.
2)
Fixed plan in the near future
it’s
planned wel
§ She
is going to Basel on Saturday.
3)
Temporary action
§ His
father is working in Rome this month.
4)
Actions happening around the moment of
speaking (longer actions)
§ My
friend is preparing for his exams.
5)
Trends
§ More
and more people are using their computers to listen to music.
6)
Repeated actions which are irritating to
the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)
§ Andrew
is always coming late.
Present Perfect Tense
FORM:
[have/has + past participle]
Examples:
§ You have cleaned your room.
§ Have you cleaned your room?
§ You have not cleaned your room.
USE:
1)
Result
of an action in the past is important in the present
§ I have cleaned my room.
2)
Recently
completed action
§ He has just played handball.
3)
State
beginning in the past and still continuing
§ We have lived in Canada since 1986.
4)
Together
with lately, recently, yet
§ I have been to London recently.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
FORM:
[have/has + been + present participle]
Examples:
§ You have been playing basketball.
§ You have not been playing basketball.
§ Have you been playing basketball?
USE:
1)
Actions
beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action) – mostly
with “since” (point of time) or “for” (period of time)
§ I have been waiting for you for
three hours. (It was a long time.)
2)
Recently
completed actions (focus is on the action)
§ She has been watching too many
videos. (It was too much time.)
Simple Past Tense
FORM:
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
§ I
played football.
§ I did
not play football.
§ Did
you play football?
USE:
1)
Action finished in the past
§ I
visited Berlin last week.
2)
Series of completed actions in the past
§ First
I got up, then I had breakfast.
3)
Together with the Past Continuous – the
Simple Past interrupted an action which was in progress in the past
§ They
were playing cards when the telephone rang.
Past Continuous Tense
FORM:
[was/were + present participle]
Examples:
§ You
were studying when she called.
§ Were
you studying when she called?
§
You were not studying when she
called.
USE:
1)
Actions
were in progress at special time in the past
§ Peter was reading a book yesterday evening.
2)
Two actions
were happening at the same time (the actions do not influence each other)
§ Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading
the New York Times.
3)
Together
with the Simple Past
§ While we were sitting at the breakfast
table, the telephone rang.
4)
Repeated
actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)
§ Andrew was always coming in late.
Past Perfect Tense
FORM:
[had + past participle]
Examples:
§ You had played hockey.
§ You had not played hockey.
§ Had you played hockey?
USE:
1)
Together
with the Simple Past
§ Mary had read the book before she
watched a film.
2)
The
past equivalent of the Present Perfect
§ He had played hockey.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
FORM:
[had + been + present particple]
Examples:
§ I had been waiting for Susan for 2
hours when she arrived.
USE:
§ How long something had been happening
before something else happened.
Simple Future Tense
FORM:
1.
[will
+ verb1]
2.
[am/is/are
+ going to] + verb1
Examples:
1.
[will
+ verb1]
§ He will play football.
§ He will not play football.
§ Will he play football?
2.
[am/is/are
+ going to] + verb1
§ He is going to play football.
§ He is not going to play football.
§ Is he going to play football?
USE:
1.
[will
+ verb1]
1) Future actions happen without the speaker’s
intention
§
The
sun will shine tomorrow.
2) Predictions, assumptions
§
I
think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm.
3) Spontaneous actions
§
Hang
on! I’ll have a word with you.
2.
[am/is/are
+ going to] + verb1
1) Planned actions in the future
§
We
are going to sing at the party.
2) You are certain that something is going to
happen in the future
§
Look
at this car! It is going to crash into the yellow one.
Future Continuous Tense
FORM:
[will + be + present participle]
Examples:
§
When
I come to school, the other kids will be waiting for me.
§
We’ll
be going to the disco on Saturday.
USE:
1)
An
action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has
begun before the certain time.
2)
Something
happens because it normally happens.
Future Perfect Tense
FORM:
[will + have + past participle]
Examples:
§ I will have written the letter by
tomorrow.
USE:
§ Something will already have happened before
a certain time in the future
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
FORM:
[will + have + been + present participle]
Examples:
§ I will have been swimming for an
hour by 6.30.
USE:
§ Something that will have already begun and
will be continuing in the future
Past Future Tense
FORM:
1.
[would
+ verb1]
2.
[was/were
+ going to] + verb1
Examples:
§ According to the weather forecast, it would rain yesterday.
§ Ronny was
going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
USE:
1)
Restate the events / activities
that had predicted would happen / be done at certain
times in the past
§ I would probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
2)
Restate the events / activities
that are planned will happen / be done
at certain times in
the past
§ He was going to leave for Bali yesterday morning but the
flight was cancelled.
3)
Make the main clause of unreal
conditionals type 1, which is conditional that
the facts in the simple
present tense or the simple future tense
§ If I were you, I would study harder.
4) Make
a
sentence (indirect speech)
§ My boyfriend
told me that he would marry me.
5)
Make a request or command to
be more formal or more polite
§ Would you turn down the
TV volume, please! It’s too loud.
Past Future Continuous Tense
FORM:
1. [would + be + present participle]
2. [[was/were + going to] + be + present
participle]
Examples:
§ Farmers in Jati
Bali would be growing
rice crops at 9 a.m. yesterday.
§ Some students were going to be conducting research on
vegetative plant propagations when I go to the agronomy laboratory last week.
USE:
1)
Declare the events / activities are predicted / planned to
be happening / done at a specific
time in the past
§ My daughter would be watching
TV at eight o’clock last night.
2)
Express events / activities
that are planned to be happening
in the past, which
interrupted by other
events
§ When I arrived
home last night, my daughter would be
watching TV.
3)
Declare two events / activities
that are being predicted or planned to happen /
be done at the same time in the past
§ While I would be typing another note last
night, my family would be
watching TV in
the family room.
4)
Restate a thing or event
/ activity is
believed to be / is
really going to happen in the past
§ I thought the
sun would be shining
soon.
Past Future
Perfect Tense
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